HomeBlogCardano
Beginner Guide

What is Cardano (ADA)?

The science-driven blockchain. Built on peer-reviewed research, Ouroboros Proof-of-Stake, and a methodical roadmap from Byron to Voltaire.

PoS
Ouroboros Konsensus
3,000+
Stake Pooly
140+
Výzkumné Práce
~4.5%
Staking APY
18 min read
Aktualizováno leden 2026

Co je Cardano?

Cardano is a third-generation blockchain platform that takes a research-first approach to cryptocurrency development. Founded by Charles Hoskinson (Ethereum co-founder) in 2015, Cardano distinguishes itself through peer-reviewed academic research and formal verification methods.

Unlike blockchains that 'move fast and break things,' Cardano prioritizes security and sustainability through rigorous scientific processes. This methodical approach has attracted institutions, governments, and enterprises seeking reliable blockchain infrastructure.

Key Point

Cardano is unique in that it's the first blockchain platform built on peer-reviewed research and developed through evidence-based methods. Every feature is backed by formal academic papers.

Academic Rigor

Built on peer-reviewed research from top universities worldwide

Layered Architecture

Separate settlement and computation layers for flexibility

Global Mission

Focused on providing financial services to the unbanked

The Science Behind Cardano

Cardano's development is backed by IOHK (Input Output Hong Kong), which employs dozens of researchers and partners with universities worldwide including Edinburgh, Tokyo, and Wyoming.

Understanding Epochs

Epoch 0Slot 0/20
Slot Visualization (3 Epochs)
Epoch 0Epoch 1Epoch 2
Total Slots
0/60
Current Epoch
0
Slot Duration
1 sec

Real Values: Each epoch lasts ~5 days (432,000 slots). Each slot is 1 second. Staking rewards are distributed at epoch boundaries.

Time in Cardano is divided into epochs (approximately 5 days) and slots (1 second each). For each slot, a slot leader is selected through a verifiable random function (VRF) to produce the next block. The probability of selection is proportional to the stake controlled.

Ouroboros Proof-of-Stake

1
VRF Lottery
2
Leader Selected
3
Block Created
4
Chain Extended
Pool A
25% stake
Pool B
35% stake
Pool C
20% stake
Pool D
15% stake
Pool E
5% stake
Blockchain
Genesis

Ready to simulate Ouroboros consensus

Ouroboros Versions

1
ClassicOriginal version with honest majority assumption
2
PraosAdded privacy and semi-synchronous network assumptions
3
GenesisEnables secure joining from genesis block
4
LeiosFuture version for massive throughput scaling

Ouroboros Explained

Ouroboros is Cardano's revolutionary Proof-of-Stake consensus protocol. It's the first PoS protocol with mathematically proven security guarantees, published and peer-reviewed at crypto conferences.

Research-First Development

  • 140+ peer-reviewed papers published
  • Collaborations with top universities
  • Formal verification of code

Development Partners

  • IOHK - Engineering & research
  • Emurgo - Commercial adoption
  • Cardano Foundation - Standards & governance

Formal Methods

"Cardano uses Haskell, a functional programming language known for its mathematical precision. This allows formal verification - mathematically proving that code behaves as intended."

ADA Token Utility

ADA is the native cryptocurrency of the Cardano network, named after Ada Lovelace, the 19th-century mathematician considered the first computer programmer.

The Five Eras of Cardano

Goguen

2021-2023

In Progress

Smart contracts era - Enabled DeFi, NFTs, and dApps

Plutus smart contracts
Native tokens & NFTs
DApp ecosystem growth

Staking on Cardano

Cardano staking is unique because it requires no lockup period. Your ADA remains liquid and in your wallet while delegated to a stake pool.

ADA Token Distribution

45B
Max Supply
Public ICO
25.9B ADA57.6%
IOHK
5.2B ADA11.5%
Emurgo
5.2B ADA11.5%
Cardano Foundation
2.9B ADA6.4%
Staking Rewards Reserve
5.9B ADA13%

Note: Unlike Bitcoin, ADA has a maximum supply of 45 billion tokens. The remaining ~10B ADA will be distributed as staking rewards over time.

Supply Metrics

Max Supply45,000,000,000 ADA
Circulating~35,000,000,000 ADA
Staked~70%

ADA Units

1 ADA1,000,000 Lovelace
1 Lovelace0.000001 ADA

Named after Ada Lovelace, the smallest unit of ADA

Cardano vs Competitors

Feature
Cardano
E
Ethereum
S
Solana
ConsensusOuroboros PoSPoS (Casper)PoH + PoS
TPS (Layer 1)~250~30~65,000
Block Time20 sec12 sec0.4 sec
Transaction Fee~$0.20~$1-50~$0.00025
Smart ContractsPlutus (Haskell)SolidityRust
Staking MinNo minimum32 ETHNo minimum
Launch Year201720152020
Max Supply45B ADAUnlimited*Unlimited*
* Ethereum and Solana have inflationary supply models but include token burning mechanisms.

Cardano Roadmap

Cardano's development is divided into five eras, each named after notable figures in computer science and mathematics. This structured approach ensures sustainable, well-tested upgrades.

ADA Staking Rewards Calculator

100100,000
2%7%
1 month5 years
Per Epoch (~5 days)
6.16 ADA
Monthly Rewards
37.50 ADA
Epochs in Period
73
Total Rewards
450.00 ADA
Final ADA Value
10,450 ADA
+4.50% growth
* Estimates based on current network parameters. Actual rewards may vary.

Staking Benefits

  • No minimum amount required
  • No lockup period - spend anytime
  • Automatic compounding rewards
  • No slashing risk

Choosing a Stake Pool

  • Check pool saturation (<100%)
  • Review pool margin fees (0-5%)
  • Look at historical performance
  • Consider pool pledge amount

Ekosystém & DeFi

Od doby, kdy éra Goguen přinesla chytré kontrakty, ekosystém Cardana vyrostl a zahrnuje DEXy, protokoly půjčování, NFT tržiště a další.

Plutus Platforma

  • Založeno na Haskellu - silná typová bezpečnost
  • eUTXO model - předvídatelné poplatky
  • Podpora formální verifikace
  • Nativní tokeny bez chytrých kontraktů

DApp Ekosystém

  • DEXs: SundaeSwap, Minswap, MuesliSwap
  • NFT Marketplaces: JPG Store, CNFT.io
  • Půjčování: Liqwid Finance, Lenfi
  • Stablecoiny: Djed, iUSD

Rozšířený Model UTXO

Na rozdíl od účtového modelu Etherea používá Cardano model Extended UTXO (eUTXO). To poskytuje deterministické transakční poplatky, schopnost paralelního zpracování a vylepšenou bezpečnost pro chytré kontrakty.

Jak Koupit ADA

Výhody

  • Recenzovaný, vědecky přísný vývoj
  • Energeticky účinný proof-of-stake konsensus
  • Žádné minimální stakování, žádné uzamčení, žádné penále
  • Předvídatelné transakční poplatky (eUTXO)
  • Nativní tokeny bez poplatků za chytré kontrakty
  • Silná roadmapa správy (Voltaire)

Nevýhody

  • Pomalejší tempo vývoje než konkurenti
  • Menší DeFi ekosystém než Ethereum
  • Křivka učení Haskell/Plutus pro vývojáře
  • Nižší Layer 1 TPS než někteří konkurenti
  • Složitost modelu eUTXO pro některé případy použití
  • Menší institucionální adopce než Ethereum

Výhody a Nevýhody

ADA je jedna z nejšířeji dostupných kryptoměn, která je uvedena prakticky na všech hlavních burzách. Zde je návod, jak začít:

1

Vyberte Burzu

Vyberte renomovanou burzu jako Binance, Coinbase nebo Kraken, která uvádí ADA

2

Vytvořit a Ověřit Účet

Zaregistrujte se a dokončete ověření KYC s vaším ID

3

Vložit Prostředky

Přidejte prostředky přes bankovní převod, kreditní kartu nebo vklad kryptoměn

4

Koupit ADA

Hledejte ADA/USDT nebo ADA/USD a zadejte svůj nákupní příkaz

5

Stakovat nebo Uložit

Převeďte do Daedalus/Yoroi peněženky a delegujte do stake poolu pro odměny

Doporučené Peněženky

Daedalus

Peněženka s plným uzlem - nejbezpečnější, synchronizuje celý blockchain

Yoroi

Lehká peněženka - rozšíření prohlížeče, mobilní aplikace

Key Takeaways

Cardano takes a research-first approach with 100+ peer-reviewed papers backing its development
Ouroboros is the first provably secure Proof-of-Stake consensus protocol
Staking is liquid with no lockup - earn ~4-5% APY while keeping your ADA accessible
The five-era roadmap (Byron to Voltaire) ensures methodical, sustainable development
Full decentralized governance through Project Catalyst and on-chain voting
45B maximální nabídka s ~4-5% staking odměnami

Buy ADA with 20% Off Trading Fees

Get 20% OFF trading fees on Binance with our exclusive referral code.

Get 20% OFF on Binance

Use code

Související články