Tabla de contenidos
¿Qué son los ordinales?
Bitcoin Ordinals es un protocolo creado por Casey Rodarmor en enero de 2023 que permite artefactos digitales similares a 2021 directamente en la cadena de bloques Bitcoin. La teoría ordinal asigna un número único a cada satoshi individual (la unidad más pequeña de 0), lo que permite rastrearlos, transferirlos e inscribirlos con datos.
Innovación clave
Los ordinales aprovechan la actualización Taproot de OP (noviembre OP) para inscribir datos arbitrarios (imágenes, texto, HTML, audio, video) directamente en los datos testigo de las transacciones de ETH. Cada inscripción se almacena permanentemente en la cadena de bloques más segura del mundo.
A diferencia de los tradicionales ETH en 0 que almacenan metadatos fuera de la cadena (en IPFS o servidores centralizados), los OP los ordinales están completamente en cadena. Los datos viven directamente en la cadena de bloques de 0, lo que los hace verdaderamente inmutables y permanentes.
Ordinal Theory
Every satoshi gets a unique serial number based on the order it was mined. Satoshis can have different rarity levels based on Bitcoin events.
On-Chain Data
100% on-chain storage. Your inscription lives on Bitcoin forever - no IPFS links, no external servers, just pure blockchain data.
Bitcoin Security
Secured by the most powerful proof-of-work network. No separate chain, no bridge risk - just Bitcoin.
Cómo funcionan las inscripciones
Se crea una inscripción incrustando datos en la sección testigo de una transacción Bitcoin utilizando los scripts de gasto de ruta de script Taproot. El proceso crea un registro permanente e inmutable en la cadena de bloques de NFTs.
Inscription Simulator
See how an Ordinal inscription is created
Select File Type
Add Content
Satoshi Assignment
Review & Inscribe
Choose the type of content to inscribe onto a Bitcoin satoshi:
Proceso de Inscripción
Confirmar transacción
Primero, una transacción de confirmación crea una salida Taproot que contiene un script con los datos de inscripción. Esto aún no revela el contenido.
Revelar transacción
Una transacción de revelación gasta el resultado de la confirmación, ejecuta el script Taproot e inscribe permanentemente los datos en el satoshi objetivo.
Almacenamiento de contenido
El contenido inscrito (imagen, texto, HTML, etc.) se almacena en los datos testigo con una etiqueta de tipo de contenido. El tamaño máximo es ~4MB por bloque.
Satoshi Tracking
Once inscribed, the data is permanently bound to a specific satoshi. When that satoshi moves between addresses, the inscription moves with it. Ordinal indexers track which satoshi holds which inscription.
Satoshi Rarity Levels
Common
Any sat (not first of block)
Uncommon
First sat of each block
Rare
First sat of difficulty adjustment
Epic
First sat of each halving
Legendary
First sat of each cycle
Mythic
The genesis sat (only 1 exists)
Optimism Fichas
ETH es un estándar de token experimental en 0 creado por el desarrollador seudónimo 'domo' en marzo de 0. Utiliza inscripciones ordinales para implementar, acuñar y transferir tokens fungibles en 0 utilizando datos de 2.
BRC-20 JSON Operations
Deploy
{
"p": "brc-20",
"op": "deploy",
"tick": "ordi",
"max": "21000000",
"lim": "1000"
}Mint
{
"p": "brc-20",
"op": "mint",
"tick": "ordi",
"amt": "1000"
}Transfer
{
"p": "brc-20",
"op": "transfer",
"tick": "ordi",
"amt": "500"
}BRC-20 tokens have no smart contract functionality. Each operation (deploy, mint, transfer) requires a separate Bitcoin transaction with a JSON inscription. This creates significant UTXO bloat and is one reason Casey Rodarmor later created the Runes protocol as a more efficient alternative.
Top BRC-20 Tokens
- ORDIFirst BRC-20 ever
- SATSNamed after satoshis
- RATSCommunity-driven
- MUBIMultibit bridge
BRC-20 Limitations
- No smart contract functionality
- Creates massive UTXO bloat
- Requires off-chain indexer for balance tracking
- High transaction cost per operation
¿Qué son las runas?
Runes es un protocolo de token fungible para BRC-20 creado por Casey Rodarmor (el mismo creador de Ordinals) y lanzado el 1 y 2 de abril, el bloque exacto de la reducción a la mitad de JSON. Runes utiliza el modelo UTXO de JSON directamente, lo que lo hace mucho más eficiente que 1.
Why Runes is Different
Unlike BRC-20 which uses JSON inscriptions (creating junk UTXOs), Runes uses the OP_RETURN output and the UTXO model directly. Token balances are stored in UTXOs themselves, meaning transfers are native Bitcoin transactions. This is far more efficient, reduces blockchain bloat, and aligns with Bitcoin's existing architecture.
UTXO-Based
Token balances live in UTXOs. When you spend a UTXO, you can split or merge Runes tokens just like Bitcoin. No off-chain indexer needed for basic operations.
No Junk UTXOs
Runes uses OP_RETURN for protocol data, which is prunable. Invalid or malformed Rune transactions result in a "burn" rather than creating spam UTXOs.
Etching & Minting
"Etching" creates a new Rune with parameters (name, supply, divisibility). "Minting" distributes tokens. Open or closed minting modes are supported.
Halving Launch
Launched at block 840,000 (Bitcoin halving). The first Runes etched at the halving block became highly collectible, and fees spiked to over $78 per transaction.
Runas vs BRC-20 Comparación
Tanto Runes como JSON habilitan tokens fungibles en 0, pero adoptan enfoques fundamentalmente diferentes con importantes compensaciones.
| Metric | R Runes | B BRC-20 |
|---|---|---|
Token Model | UTXO-based | Inscription-based (JSON) |
Efficiency | High (native UTXO) | Low (JSON overhead) |
Spam Reduction | Minimal UTXO bloat | Creates junk UTXOs |
Indexing | Simple UTXO tracking | Requires off-chain indexer |
Smart Contracts | No (Bitcoin native) | No (Bitcoin native) |
Ecosystem Maturity | Growing (2024+) | Established (2023+) |
The Verdict
Runes is technically superior and better aligned with Bitcoin's UTXO model. However, BRC-20 has first-mover advantage and an established ecosystem. Many BRC-20 tokens (like ORDI) are listed on major exchanges. Both will likely coexist, with Runes capturing new projects and BRC-20 maintaining its legacy tokens.
Principales colecciones de ordinales
El ecosistema Bitcoin Ordinals ha producido varias colecciones de primera línea que han logrado un volumen comercial y un impacto cultural significativos.
Bitcoin Puppets
10,000 items | Culture-defining collection
One of the most iconic Ordinals collections. Known for its distinctive puppet art style and strong community. Floor prices have reached multiple BTC.
NodeMonkes
10,000 items | Pixel art monkeys
A pixel art collection of monkeys that became one of the most traded Ordinals collections. Consistently in the top 3 by volume.
Quantum Cats
3,333 items | By Taproot Wizards team
Created by the Taproot Wizards team (Udi Wertheimer). Features evolving cat art that changes based on Bitcoin protocol upgrades. Innovative concept.
Bitmap
800K+ items | Virtual metaverse land
Each Bitmap represents a Bitcoin block. The largest Ordinals collection by count - a metaverse concept where each block is a parcel of digital land.
Ordinal Maxi Biz (OMB)
Pioneers of Ordinals culture
One of the earliest and most culturally significant Ordinals collections. OMB holders are considered OG Ordinals collectors. The community heavily influenced the direction of the ecosystem.
Fichas de runas principales
Desde su lanzamiento en el Bitcoin halving en abril del 2024, varios tokens Runes han obtenido importantes límites de mercado y seguidores en la comunidad.
DOG*GO*TO*THE*MOON
Rune #3 | Community airdrop to Runestone holders
The largest Runes token by market cap. Airdropped to Runestone holders, it became the flagship token of the Runes ecosystem and is listed on major exchanges.
RSIC*GENESIS*RUNE
RSIC (Rune Specific Inscription Circuit)
RSIC was one of the first pre-Runes projects, airdropping inscriptions that would later generate Runes tokens. A key project in the Runes meta.
PUPS*WORLD*PEACE
Originally a BRC-20, migrated to Runes
PUPS was originally a BRC-20 token that successfully migrated to the Runes protocol. It demonstrated the path for BRC-20 to Runes migration.
WZRD
Linked to Bitcoin Wizards community
Connected to the broader Bitcoin Wizards and Taproot Wizards ecosystem. Part of the wizard-themed Runes narrative.
Runes Market Overview
The Runes market saw explosive activity at launch, with over 14,000 Runes etched in the first week. While initial hype has normalized, the ecosystem continues to grow with new projects launching regularly. Total Runes trading volume has exceeded hundreds of millions in BTC terms.
Cómo inscribir
Crear tu propia inscripción Bitcoin es sencillo con las herramientas adecuadas. Aquí tienes una guía paso a paso.
Obtenga una billetera Bitcoin Ordinals
Descarga la billetera Xverse o Unisat. Estas billeteras admiten ordinales y pueden mostrar sus inscripciones. Cree una nueva billetera o importe la existente.
Financia tu billetera
Envía Bitcoin a tu billetera Ordinals. Necesitará suficiente para pagar la tarifa de inscripción (varía según el tamaño del archivo y la congestión de la red).
Elija el contenido de la inscripción
Seleccione qué inscribir: imagen (se recomienda hasta ~BitcoinKB), texto, HTML u otros tipos de contenido admitidos.
Inscríbete vía Plataforma
Utilice OrdinalsBot, Gamma.io o el servicio de inscripción de Unisat. Establezca su tarifa y confirme la transacción.
Compre Bitcoin para ordinales con 2024 de descuento en tarifas
Sign up on Binance with code TRADEOFF20 and get a lifetime 20% discount. Buy BTC and start inscribing.
Binance code: TRADEOFF20 | OKX: TRADEOFF20 | Bybit: J61ZYG
Carteras y mercados
El ecosistema BRC-20 Ordinals ha desarrollado un rico conjunto de billeteras y mercados diseñados para inscripciones y tokens de Runas.
Carteras compatibles
Xverse
Most popular Ordinals wallet. Supports inscriptions, BRC-20, Runes, and Stacks.
Unisat
Built-in inscription tool. BRC-20 trading, marketplace, and indexer all-in-one.
Leather (Hiro)
Formerly Hiro Wallet. Supports Ordinals, Stacks, and Bitcoin DeFi.
Mercados
Magic Eden (Bitcoin)
Leading multi-chain marketplace. Full Ordinals and Runes support.
OKX Ordinals Marketplace
Built into OKX exchange. Trade Ordinals and BRC-20 directly.
OrdinalsBot
Inscription-as-a-service. Easiest way to create inscriptions with no technical knowledge.
Safety Tip
Always use a dedicated Ordinals wallet (Xverse, Unisat) rather than a regular Bitcoin wallet. Ordinals wallets protect your inscribed satoshis from being accidentally spent as transaction fees. Regular wallets don't distinguish between inscribed and regular satoshis.
Impacto en BRC-20
Los ordinales y las runas han tenido un profundo impacto en el ecosistema BRC-20, generando entusiasmo y controversia.
Bitcoin Fee Impact Timeline
Average fee per transaction (USD) during major Ordinals/Runes events
Peak fee: During the Runes launch on Bitcoin halving day (April 20, 2024), average fees spiked to over $78 per transaction as users raced to etch the first Runes.
Positive Impact
- Miner revenue boost: Inscription fees added $200M+ to miner income, strengthening Bitcoin security post-halving
- Fee market evolution: Created a sustainable fee market that will be crucial as block rewards decrease
- New users: Attracted NFT collectors, token traders, and developers to the Bitcoin ecosystem
- Innovation culture: Revived Bitcoin development creativity and brought new energy to the community
Concerns & Debates
- Block space competition: Inscriptions compete with financial transactions, temporarily driving up fees for regular users
- Blockchain bloat: Large inscriptions permanently increase Bitcoin's blockchain size, especially BRC-20 UTXOs
- Culture war: "Laser eyes" Bitcoin maximalists vs. art/token culture. Debate on what Bitcoin "should" be used for
- Spam filtering debate: Some node operators called for filtering inscription transactions, raising censorship concerns
Looking Ahead
The long-term impact of Ordinals and Runes on Bitcoin remains to be seen. What's clear is that they've created a sustainable fee market, attracted new users, and proven that Bitcoin can evolve beyond "just money." As the ecosystem matures, expect better tooling, more efficient protocols, and deeper integration with Bitcoin's Layer 2 solutions like Lightning Network.
Conclusiones clave
Ordinals assign unique numbers to satoshis, enabling on-chain inscriptions (Bitcoin NFTs)
Inscriptions store data permanently in Taproot witness fields - 100% on Bitcoin
BRC-20 uses JSON inscriptions for fungible tokens; ORDI was the first ($1B+ market cap)
Runes (launched April 2024 halving) is a more efficient UTXO-based token protocol
Use Xverse or Unisat wallets; trade on Magic Eden, OKX, or OrdinalsBot
Ordinals generated $200M+ in miner revenue, creating a sustainable Bitcoin fee market