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What is Cardano (ADA)?

The science-driven blockchain. Built on peer-reviewed research, Ouroboros Proof-of-Stake, and a methodical roadmap from Byron to Voltaire.

PoS
Ouroboros Consensus
3,000+
Stake Pools
140+
Research Papers
~4.5%
APY Staking
18 menit baca
Diperbarui Januari 2026

What is Cardano?

Cardano is a third-generation blockchain platform that takes a research-first approach to cryptocurrency development. Founded by Charles Hoskinson (Ethereum co-founder) in 2015, Cardano distinguishes itself through peer-reviewed academic research and formal verification methods.

Unlike blockchains that 'move fast and break things,' Cardano prioritizes security and sustainability through rigorous scientific processes. This methodical approach has attracted institutions, governments, and enterprises seeking reliable blockchain infrastructure.

Key Point

Cardano is unique in that it's the first blockchain platform built on peer-reviewed research and developed through evidence-based methods. Every feature is backed by formal academic papers.

Academic Rigor

Built on peer-reviewed research from top universities worldwide

Layered Architecture

Separate settlement and computation layers for flexibility

Global Mission

Focused on providing financial services to the unbanked

The Science Behind Cardano

Cardano's development is backed by IOHK (Input Output Hong Kong), which employs dozens of researchers and partners with universities worldwide including Edinburgh, Tokyo, and Wyoming.

Memahami Epoch

Epoch 0Slot 0/20
Slot Visualization (3 Epochs)
Epoch 0Epoch 1Epoch 2
Total Slots
0/60
Current Epoch
0
Slot Duration
1 sec

Real Values: Each epoch lasts ~5 days (432,000 slots). Each slot is 1 second. Staking rewards are distributed at epoch boundaries.

Time in Cardano is divided into epochs (approximately 5 days) and slots (1 second each). For each slot, a slot leader is selected through a verifiable random function (VRF) to produce the next block. The probability of selection is proportional to the stake controlled.

Ouroboros Proof-of-Stake

1
VRF Lottery
2
Leader Selected
3
Block Created
4
Chain Extended
Pool A
25% stake
Pool B
35% stake
Pool C
20% stake
Pool D
15% stake
Pool E
5% stake
Blockchain
Genesis

Ready to simulate Ouroboros consensus

Ouroboros Versions

1
ClassicOriginal version with honest majority assumption
2
PraosAdded privacy and semi-synchronous network assumptions
3
GenesisEnables secure joining from genesis block
4
LeiosFuture version for massive throughput scaling

Ouroboros Explained

Ouroboros is Cardano's revolutionary Proof-of-Stake consensus protocol. It's the first PoS protocol with mathematically proven security guarantees, published and peer-reviewed at crypto conferences.

Research-First Development

  • 140+ peer-reviewed papers published
  • Collaborations with top universities
  • Formal verification of code

Development Partners

  • IOHK - Engineering & research
  • Emurgo - Commercial adoption
  • Cardano Foundation - Standards & governance

Formal Methods

"Cardano uses Haskell, a functional programming language known for its mathematical precision. This allows formal verification - mathematically proving that code behaves as intended."

ADA Token Utility

ADA is the native cryptocurrency of the Cardano network, named after Ada Lovelace, the 19th-century mathematician considered the first computer programmer.

The Five Eras of Cardano

Goguen

2021-2023

In Progress

Smart contracts era - Enabled DeFi, NFTs, and dApps

Plutus smart contracts
Native tokens & NFTs
DApp ecosystem growth

Staking on Cardano

Cardano staking is unique because it requires no lockup period. Your ADA remains liquid and in your wallet while delegated to a stake pool.

Distribusi Token ADA

45B
Max Supply
Public ICO
25.9B ADA57.6%
IOHK
5.2B ADA11.5%
Emurgo
5.2B ADA11.5%
Cardano Foundation
2.9B ADA6.4%
Staking Rewards Reserve
5.9B ADA13%

Note: Unlike Bitcoin, ADA has a maximum supply of 45 billion tokens. The remaining ~10B ADA will be distributed as staking rewards over time.

Supply Metrics

Suplai Maksimum45,000,000,000 ADA
Circulating~35,000,000,000 ADA
Staked~70%

ADA Units

1 ADA1,000,000 Lovelace
1 Lovelace0.000001 ADA

Named after Ada Lovelace, the smallest unit of ADA

Cardano vs Kompetitor

Feature
Cardano
E
Ethereum
S
Solana
ConsensusOuroboros PoSPoS (Casper)PoH + PoS
TPS (Layer 1)~250~30~65,000
Block Time20 sec12 sec0.4 sec
Transaction Fee~$0.20~$1-50~$0.00025
Smart ContractsPlutus (Haskell)SolidityRust
Staking MinNo minimum32 ETHNo minimum
Launch Year201720152020
Max Supply45B ADAUnlimited*Unlimited*
* Ethereum and Solana have inflationary supply models but include token burning mechanisms.

Cardano Roadmap

Cardano's development is divided into five eras, each named after notable figures in computer science and mathematics. This structured approach ensures sustainable, well-tested upgrades.

Kalkulator Hadiah Staking ADA

100100,000
2%7%
1 month5 years
Per Epoch (~5 days)
6.16 ADA
Monthly Rewards
37.50 ADA
Epochs in Period
73
Total Rewards
450.00 ADA
Final ADA Value
10,450 ADA
+4.50% growth
* Estimates based on current network parameters. Actual rewards may vary.

Staking Benefits

  • No minimum amount required
  • No lockup period - spend anytime
  • Automatic compounding rewards
  • No slashing risk

Choosing a Stake Pool

  • Check pool saturation (<100%)
  • Review pool margin fees (0-5%)
  • Look at historical performance
  • Consider pool pledge amount

Ecosystem & DeFi

Since the Goguen era brought smart contracts, Cardano's ecosystem has grown to include DEXes, lending protocols, NFT marketplaces, and more.

Plutus Platform

  • Based on Haskell - strong type safety
  • eUTXO model - predictable fees
  • Formal verification support
  • Native tokens without smart contracts

DApp Ecosystem

  • DEXs: SundaeSwap, Minswap, MuesliSwap
  • NFT Marketplaces: JPG Store, CNFT.io
  • Lending: Liqwid Finance, Lenfi
  • Stablecoins: Djed, iUSD

Extended UTXO Model

Unlike Ethereum's account-based model, Cardano uses an Extended UTXO (eUTXO) model. This provides deterministic transaction fees, parallel processing capability, and enhanced security for smart contracts.

How to Buy ADA

Keuntungan

  • Peer-reviewed, scientifically rigorous development
  • Energy-efficient proof-of-stake consensus
  • No minimum staking, no lockup, no slashing
  • Predictable transaction fees (eUTXO)
  • Native tokens without smart contract fees
  • Strong governance roadmap (Voltaire)

Kerugian

  • Slower development pace than competitors
  • Smaller DeFi ecosystem than Ethereum
  • Haskell/Plutus learning curve for developers
  • Lower Layer 1 TPS than some competitors
  • eUTXO model complexity for some use cases
  • Less institutional adoption than Ethereum

Kelebihan & Kekurangan

ADA is one of the most widely available cryptocurrencies, listed on virtually all major exchanges. Here's how to get started:

1

Choose an Exchange

Select a reputable exchange like Binance, Coinbase, or Kraken that lists ADA

2

Create & Verify Account

Sign up and complete KYC verification with your ID

3

Deposit Funds

Add funds via bank transfer, credit card, or crypto deposit

4

Buy ADA

Search for ADA/USDT or ADA/USD and place your buy order

5

Stake or Store

Transfer to Daedalus/Yoroi wallet and delegate to a stake pool for rewards

Recommended Wallets

Daedalus

Full node wallet - most secure, syncs entire blockchain

Yoroi

Light wallet - browser extension, mobile app

Poin-Poin Penting

Cardano takes a research-first approach with 100+ peer-reviewed papers backing its development
Ouroboros is the first provably secure Proof-of-Stake consensus protocol
Staking is liquid with no lockup - earn ~4-5% APY while keeping your ADA accessible
The five-era roadmap (Byron to Voltaire) ensures methodical, sustainable development
Full decentralized governance through Project Catalyst and on-chain voting
45B max supply with ~4-5% staking rewards

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