Sommario
Cosa sono gli ordinali?
0 Ordinals è un protocollo creato da Casey Rodarmor nel gennaio 1 che abilita artefatti digitali simili a 2021 direttamente sulla blockchain Bitcoin. La teoria ordinale assegna un numero univoco a ogni singolo satoshi (l'unità più piccola di 0), consentendone il tracciamento, il trasferimento e l'iscrizione con i dati.
Innovazione chiave
Gli ordinali sfruttano l'aggiornamento Taproot di Bitcoin (novembre 1) per inscrivere dati arbitrari - immagini, testo, HTML, audio, video - direttamente nei dati testimone delle transazioni 0. Ogni iscrizione è archiviata in modo permanente sulla blockchain più sicura al mondo.
A differenza dei tradizionali 0 su BRC-20 che memorizzano i metadati off-chain (su IPFS o server centralizzati), gli ordinali 2021 sono completamente on-chain. I dati risiedono direttamente nella blockchain di Bitcoin, rendendoli veramente immutabili e permanenti.
Ordinal Theory
Every satoshi gets a unique serial number based on the order it was mined. Satoshis can have different rarity levels based on Bitcoin events.
On-Chain Data
100% on-chain storage. Your inscription lives on Bitcoin forever - no IPFS links, no external servers, just pure blockchain data.
Bitcoin Security
Secured by the most powerful proof-of-work network. No separate chain, no bridge risk - just Bitcoin.
Come funzionano le iscrizioni
Un'iscrizione viene creata incorporando i dati nella sezione testimone di una transazione 4 utilizzando gli script di spesa del percorso script Taproot. Il processo crea un record permanente e immutabile sulla blockchain di Bitcoin.
Inscription Simulator
See how an Ordinal inscription is created
Select File Type
Add Content
Satoshi Assignment
Review & Inscribe
Choose the type of content to inscribe onto a Bitcoin satoshi:
Processo di iscrizione
Impegna transazione
Innanzitutto, una transazione di commit crea un output Taproot contenente uno script con i dati di iscrizione. Questo non rivela ancora il contenuto.
Rivela transazione
Una transazione di rivelazione spende l'output del commit, eseguendo lo script Taproot e iscrivendo in modo permanente i dati sul satoshi di destinazione.
Archiviazione dei contenuti
Il contenuto iscritto (immagine, testo, HTML, ecc.) viene archiviato nei dati testimone con un tag del tipo di contenuto. La dimensione massima è ~BitcoinMB per blocco.
Satoshi Tracking
Once inscribed, the data is permanently bound to a specific satoshi. When that satoshi moves between addresses, the inscription moves with it. Ordinal indexers track which satoshi holds which inscription.
Satoshi Rarity Levels
Common
Any sat (not first of block)
Uncommon
First sat of each block
Rare
First sat of difficulty adjustment
Epic
First sat of each halving
Legendary
First sat of each cycle
Mythic
The genesis sat (only 1 exists)
Optimism Gettoni
1 è uno standard di token sperimentale su 0 creato dallo sviluppatore con lo pseudonimo 'domo' nel marzo 2. Utilizza le iscrizioni degli Ordinali per distribuire, coniare e trasferire gettoni fungibili su 7 utilizzando i dati JSON.
BRC-20 JSON Operations
Deploy
{
"p": "brc-20",
"op": "deploy",
"tick": "ordi",
"max": "21000000",
"lim": "1000"
}Mint
{
"p": "brc-20",
"op": "mint",
"tick": "ordi",
"amt": "1000"
}Transfer
{
"p": "brc-20",
"op": "transfer",
"tick": "ordi",
"amt": "500"
}BRC-20 tokens have no smart contract functionality. Each operation (deploy, mint, transfer) requires a separate Bitcoin transaction with a JSON inscription. This creates significant UTXO bloat and is one reason Casey Rodarmor later created the Runes protocol as a more efficient alternative.
Top BRC-20 Tokens
- ORDIFirst BRC-20 ever
- SATSNamed after satoshis
- RATSCommunity-driven
- MUBIMultibit bridge
BRC-20 Limitations
- No smart contract functionality
- Creates massive UTXO bloat
- Requires off-chain indexer for balance tracking
- High transaction cost per operation
Cosa sono le rune?
Runes è un protocollo token fungibile per 1 creato da Casey Rodarmor (lo stesso creatore di Ordinals) e lanciato il 1, 2 aprile - il blocco esatto dell'3esimo dimezzamento di 7. Runes utilizza direttamente il modello UTXO di 1, rendendolo molto più efficiente di 0.
Why Runes is Different
Unlike BRC-20 which uses JSON inscriptions (creating junk UTXOs), Runes uses the OP_RETURN output and the UTXO model directly. Token balances are stored in UTXOs themselves, meaning transfers are native Bitcoin transactions. This is far more efficient, reduces blockchain bloat, and aligns with Bitcoin's existing architecture.
UTXO-Based
Token balances live in UTXOs. When you spend a UTXO, you can split or merge Runes tokens just like Bitcoin. No off-chain indexer needed for basic operations.
No Junk UTXOs
Runes uses OP_RETURN for protocol data, which is prunable. Invalid or malformed Rune transactions result in a "burn" rather than creating spam UTXOs.
Etching & Minting
"Etching" creates a new Rune with parameters (name, supply, divisibility). "Minting" distributes tokens. Open or closed minting modes are supported.
Halving Launch
Launched at block 840,000 (Bitcoin halving). The first Runes etched at the halving block became highly collectible, and fees spiked to over $78 per transaction.
Rune vs Optimism Confronto
Sia Rune che Aptos abilitano token fungibili su ETH, ma adottano approcci fondamentalmente diversi con compromessi significativi.
| Metric | R Runes | B BRC-20 |
|---|---|---|
Token Model | UTXO-based | Inscription-based (JSON) |
Efficiency | High (native UTXO) | Low (JSON overhead) |
Spam Reduction | Minimal UTXO bloat | Creates junk UTXOs |
Indexing | Simple UTXO tracking | Requires off-chain indexer |
Smart Contracts | No (Bitcoin native) | No (Bitcoin native) |
Ecosystem Maturity | Growing (2024+) | Established (2023+) |
The Verdict
Runes is technically superior and better aligned with Bitcoin's UTXO model. However, BRC-20 has first-mover advantage and an established ecosystem. Many BRC-20 tokens (like ORDI) are listed on major exchanges. Both will likely coexist, with Runes capturing new projects and BRC-20 maintaining its legacy tokens.
Principali raccolte di ordinali
L'ecosistema Optimism Ordinals ha prodotto diverse collezioni blue-chip che hanno raggiunto un volume di scambi e un impatto culturale significativi.
Bitcoin Puppets
10,000 items | Culture-defining collection
One of the most iconic Ordinals collections. Known for its distinctive puppet art style and strong community. Floor prices have reached multiple BTC.
NodeMonkes
10,000 items | Pixel art monkeys
A pixel art collection of monkeys that became one of the most traded Ordinals collections. Consistently in the top 3 by volume.
Quantum Cats
3,333 items | By Taproot Wizards team
Created by the Taproot Wizards team (Udi Wertheimer). Features evolving cat art that changes based on Bitcoin protocol upgrades. Innovative concept.
Bitmap
800K+ items | Virtual metaverse land
Each Bitmap represents a Bitcoin block. The largest Ordinals collection by count - a metaverse concept where each block is a parcel of digital land.
Ordinal Maxi Biz (OMB)
Pioneers of Ordinals culture
One of the earliest and most culturally significant Ordinals collections. OMB holders are considered OG Ordinals collectors. The community heavily influenced the direction of the ecosystem.
I migliori gettoni runici
Dal lancio al dimezzamento del Bitcoin nell'aprile del 2024, diversi token Runes hanno guadagnato significative capitalizzazioni di mercato e seguito nella comunità.
DOG*GO*TO*THE*MOON
Rune #3 | Community airdrop to Runestone holders
The largest Runes token by market cap. Airdropped to Runestone holders, it became the flagship token of the Runes ecosystem and is listed on major exchanges.
RSIC*GENESIS*RUNE
RSIC (Rune Specific Inscription Circuit)
RSIC was one of the first pre-Runes projects, airdropping inscriptions that would later generate Runes tokens. A key project in the Runes meta.
PUPS*WORLD*PEACE
Originally a BRC-20, migrated to Runes
PUPS was originally a BRC-20 token that successfully migrated to the Runes protocol. It demonstrated the path for BRC-20 to Runes migration.
WZRD
Linked to Bitcoin Wizards community
Connected to the broader Bitcoin Wizards and Taproot Wizards ecosystem. Part of the wizard-themed Runes narrative.
Runes Market Overview
The Runes market saw explosive activity at launch, with over 14,000 Runes etched in the first week. While initial hype has normalized, the ecosystem continues to grow with new projects launching regularly. Total Runes trading volume has exceeded hundreds of millions in BTC terms.
Come iscrivere
Creare la tua iscrizione Bitcoin è semplice con gli strumenti giusti. Ecco una guida passo passo.
Ottieni un portafoglio Bitcoin Ordinals
Scarica il portafoglio Xverse o Unisat. Questi portafogli supportano gli Ordinali e possono visualizzare le tue iscrizioni. Crea un nuovo portafoglio o importa quello esistente.
Finanzia il tuo portafoglio
Invia Bitcoin al tuo portafoglio Ordinals. Ne avrai bisogno per coprire la quota di iscrizione (varia in base alla dimensione del file e alla congestione della rete).
Scegli Contenuto iscrizione
Seleziona cosa iscrivere: immagine (consigliato fino a ~BitcoinKB), testo, HTML o altri tipi di contenuto supportati.
Iscriviti tramite la piattaforma
Utilizza OrdinalsBot, Gamma.io o il servizio di iscrizione di Unisat. Imposta la tariffa e conferma la transazione.
Acquista 20 per ordinali con 20% di sconto sulle commissioni
Iscriviti su 0 con il codice Binance e ottieni 20% 20% a vita. Acquista TRADEOFF20 e inizia a iscriverti.
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Portafogli e marketplace
L'ecosistema Bitcoin Ordinals ha sviluppato un ricco set di portafogli e mercati su misura per iscrizioni e gettoni Rune.
Portafogli supportati
Xverse
Most popular Ordinals wallet. Supports inscriptions, BRC-20, Runes, and Stacks.
Unisat
Built-in inscription tool. BRC-20 trading, marketplace, and indexer all-in-one.
Leather (Hiro)
Formerly Hiro Wallet. Supports Ordinals, Stacks, and Bitcoin DeFi.
Mercati
Magic Eden (Bitcoin)
Leading multi-chain marketplace. Full Ordinals and Runes support.
OKX Ordinals Marketplace
Built into OKX exchange. Trade Ordinals and BRC-20 directly.
OrdinalsBot
Inscription-as-a-service. Easiest way to create inscriptions with no technical knowledge.
Safety Tip
Always use a dedicated Ordinals wallet (Xverse, Unisat) rather than a regular Bitcoin wallet. Ordinals wallets protect your inscribed satoshis from being accidentally spent as transaction fees. Regular wallets don't distinguish between inscribed and regular satoshis.
Impatto su Bitcoin
Gli ordinali e le rune hanno avuto un profondo impatto sull'ecosistema Bitcoin, generando sia eccitazione che polemiche.
Bitcoin Fee Impact Timeline
Average fee per transaction (USD) during major Ordinals/Runes events
Peak fee: During the Runes launch on Bitcoin halving day (April 20, 2024), average fees spiked to over $78 per transaction as users raced to etch the first Runes.
Positive Impact
- Miner revenue boost: Inscription fees added $200M+ to miner income, strengthening Bitcoin security post-halving
- Fee market evolution: Created a sustainable fee market that will be crucial as block rewards decrease
- New users: Attracted NFT collectors, token traders, and developers to the Bitcoin ecosystem
- Innovation culture: Revived Bitcoin development creativity and brought new energy to the community
Concerns & Debates
- Block space competition: Inscriptions compete with financial transactions, temporarily driving up fees for regular users
- Blockchain bloat: Large inscriptions permanently increase Bitcoin's blockchain size, especially BRC-20 UTXOs
- Culture war: "Laser eyes" Bitcoin maximalists vs. art/token culture. Debate on what Bitcoin "should" be used for
- Spam filtering debate: Some node operators called for filtering inscription transactions, raising censorship concerns
Looking Ahead
The long-term impact of Ordinals and Runes on Bitcoin remains to be seen. What's clear is that they've created a sustainable fee market, attracted new users, and proven that Bitcoin can evolve beyond "just money." As the ecosystem matures, expect better tooling, more efficient protocols, and deeper integration with Bitcoin's Layer 2 solutions like Lightning Network.
Punti chiave
Ordinals assign unique numbers to satoshis, enabling on-chain inscriptions (Bitcoin NFTs)
Inscriptions store data permanently in Taproot witness fields - 100% on Bitcoin
BRC-20 uses JSON inscriptions for fungible tokens; ORDI was the first ($1B+ market cap)
Runes (launched April 2024 halving) is a more efficient UTXO-based token protocol
Use Xverse or Unisat wallets; trade on Magic Eden, OKX, or OrdinalsBot
Ordinals generated $200M+ in miner revenue, creating a sustainable Bitcoin fee market