Indice dei contenuti
Cosa sono gli Ordinals?
Bitcoin Ordinals è un protocollo creato da Casey Rodarmor a gennaio 2023 che consente artefatti digitali simili agli NFT direttamente sulla blockchain di Bitcoin. La teoria degli ordinal assegna un numero univoco a ogni singolo satoshi (la più piccola unità di Bitcoin), consentendo di tracciarli, trasferirli e iscriverci dati.
Innovazione chiave
Ordinals sfrutta l'upgrade Taproot di Bitcoin (novembre 2021) per iscrivere dati arbitrari, immagini, testo, HTML, audio, video, direttamente nei witness data delle transazioni Bitcoin. Ogni iscrizione viene archiviata in modo permanente sulla blockchain più sicura al mondo.
A differenza degli NFT tradizionali su Ethereum, che archiviano i metadata off-chain (su IPFS o server centralizzati), i Bitcoin Ordinals sono completamente on-chain. I dati risiedono direttamente nella blockchain di Bitcoin, rendendoli davvero immutabili e permanenti.
Teoria Ordinale
Every satoshi gets a unique serial number basato su the order it was mined. Satoshis can have different rarity levels basato su Bitcoin events.
Dati On-Chain
100% on-chain storage. Your inscription lives on Bitcoin forever - no IPFS links, no external servers, just pure blockchain data.
Sicurezza Bitcoin
Secured by the most powerful proof-of-work network. No separate chain, no bridge risk - just Bitcoin.
Come funzionano le iscrizioni
Un'iscrizione viene creata incorporando dati nella sezione witness di una transazione Bitcoin usando script di spesa Taproot script-path. Il processo crea un record permanente e immutabile sulla blockchain di Bitcoin.
Inscription Simulator
See how an Ordinal inscription is created
Select File Type
Add Content
Satoshi Assignment
Review & Inscribe
Choose the type of content to inscribe onto a Bitcoin satoshi:
Processo di iscrizione
Transazione di commit
Per prima cosa, una transazione di commit crea un output Taproot contenente uno script con i dati dell'iscrizione. Il contenuto non viene ancora rivelato.
Transazione di reveal
Una transazione di reveal spende l'output di commit, eseguendo lo script Taproot e iscrivendo in modo permanente i dati sul satoshi di destinazione.
Archiviazione del contenuto
Il contenuto iscritto (immagine, testo, HTML, ecc.) viene archiviato nei witness data con un tag di content type. La dimensione massima è di circa 4MB per blocco.
Tracciamento Satoshi
Once inscribed, the data is permanently bound to a specific satoshi. When that satoshi moves tra addresses, the inscription moves con it. Ordinal indexers track which satoshi holds which inscription.
Satoshi Rarity Levels
Common
Any sat (not first of block)
Uncommon
First sat of each block
Rare
First sat of difficulty adjustment
Epic
First sat of each halving
Legendary
First sat of each cycle
Mythic
The genesis sat (only 1 exists)
Token BRC-20
BRC-20 è uno standard di token sperimentale su Bitcoin creato dallo sviluppatore pseudonimo 'domo' nel marzo 2023. Utilizza le iscrizioni Ordinals per distribuire, emettere e trasferire token fungibili su Bitcoin usando dati JSON.
BRC-20 JSON Operations
Deploy
{
"p": "brc-20",
"op": "deploy",
"tick": "ordi",
"max": "21000000",
"lim": "1000"
}Mint
{
"p": "brc-20",
"op": "mint",
"tick": "ordi",
"amt": "1000"
}Transfer
{
"p": "brc-20",
"op": "transfer",
"tick": "ordi",
"amt": "500"
}BRC-20 tokens have no smart contract functionality. Each operation (deploy, mint, transfer) requires a separate Bitcoin transaction con a JSON inscription. This creates significant UTXO bloat e is one reason Casey Rodarmor later created the Runes protocol as a più efficient alternative.
Principali Token BRC-20
- ORDIFirst BRC-20 ever
- SATSNamed after satoshis
- RATSCommunity-driven
- MUBIMultibit bridge
Limitazioni BRC-20
- No smart contract functionality
- Creates massive UTXO bloat
- Requires off-chain indexer for balance tracking
- High transaction cost per operation
Cosa sono i Runes?
Runes è un protocollo di token fungibili per Bitcoin creato da Casey Rodarmor (lo stesso creatore di Ordinals) e lanciato il 20 aprile 2024, esattamente nel blocco del 4° halving di Bitcoin. Runes utilizza direttamente il modello UTXO di Bitcoin, risultando molto più efficiente di BRC-20.
Perché Runes is Different
Unlike BRC-20 which uses JSON inscriptions (creating junk UTXOs), Runes uses the OP_RETURN output and the UTXO model directly. Token balances are stored in UTXOs themselves, meaning transfers are native Bitcoin transactions. This is far more efficient, reduces blockchain bloat, and aligns with Bitcoin's existing architecture.
Basato su UTXO
Token balances live in UTXOs. When you spend a UTXO, you can split o merge Runes tokens just like Bitcoin. No off-chain indexer needed per basic operations.
Nessun UTXO Spazzatura
Runes uses OP_RETURN per protocol data, which is prunable. Invalid o malformed Rune transactions result in a "burn" rather than creating spam UTXOs.
Etching & Minting
"Etching" creates a nuovo Rune con parameters (name, supply, divisibility). "Minting" distributes tokens. Apri o closed minting modes are supported.
Lancio all'Halving
Launched at block 840,000 (Bitcoin halving). The first Runes etched at the halving block became highly collectible, e fees spiked to over $78 per transaction.
Confronto tra Runes e BRC-20
Sia Runes sia BRC-20 permettono token fungibili su Bitcoin, ma adottano approcci fondamentalmente diversi con compromessi significativi.
| Metric | R Runes | B BRC-20 |
|---|---|---|
Token Model | UTXO-based | Inscription-based (JSON) |
Efficiency | High (native UTXO) | Low (JSON overhead) |
Spam Reduction | Minimal UTXO bloat | Creates junk UTXOs |
Indexing | Simple UTXO tracking | Requires off-chain indexer |
Smart Contracts | No (Bitcoin native) | No (Bitcoin native) |
Ecosystem Maturity | Growing (2024+) | Established (2023+) |
Il Verdetto
Runes is technically superior and better aligned with Bitcoin's UTXO model. However, BRC-20 has first-mover advantage and an established ecosystem. Many BRC-20 tokens (like ORDI) are listed on major exchanges. Both will likely coexist, with Runes capturing new projects and BRC-20 maintaining its legacy tokens.
Top collezioni Ordinals
L'ecosistema Bitcoin Ordinals ha prodotto diverse collezioni blue-chip che hanno raggiunto volumi di scambio rilevanti e un forte impatto culturale.
Bitcoin Puppets
10,000 items | Culture-defining collection
One of the most iconic Ordinals collections. Known for its distinctive puppet art style and strong community. Floor prices have reached multiple BTC.
NodeMonkes
10,000 items | Pixel art monkeys
A pixel art collection of monkeys that became one of the most traded Ordinals collections. Consistently in the top 3 by volume.
Quantum Cats
3,333 items | By Taproot Wizards team
Created by the Taproot Wizards team (Udi Wertheimer). Features evolving cat art that changes based on Bitcoin protocol upgrades. Innovative concept.
Bitmap
800K+ items | Virtual metaverse land
Each Bitmap represents a Bitcoin block. The largest Ordinals collection by count - a metaverse concept where each block is a parcel of digital land.
Ordinal Maxi Biz (OMB)
Pioneers of Ordinals culture
One of the earliest and most culturally significant Ordinals collections. OMB holders are considered OG Ordinals collectors. The community heavily influenced the direction of the ecosystem.
Top token Runes
Dal lancio in occasione dell'halving di Bitcoin nell'aprile 2024, diversi token Runes hanno ottenuto capitalizzazioni di mercato rilevanti e community molto attive.
DOG*GO*TO*THE*MOON
Rune #3 | Community airdrop to Runestone holders
The largest Runes token by market cap. Airdropped to Runestone holders, it became the flagship token of the Runes ecosystem and is listed on major exchanges.
RSIC*GENESIS*RUNE
RSIC (Rune Specific Inscription Circuit)
RSIC was one of the first pre-Runes projects, airdropping inscriptions that would later generate Runes tokens. A key project in the Runes meta.
PUPS*WORLD*PEACE
Originally a BRC-20, migrated to Runes
PUPS was originally a BRC-20 token that successfully migrated to the Runes protocol. It demonstrated the path for BRC-20 to Runes migration.
WZRD
Linked to Bitcoin Wizards community
Connected to the broader Bitcoin Wizards and Taproot Wizards ecosystem. Part of the wizard-themed Runes narrative.
Runes Market Overview
The Runes market saw explosive activity at launch, con over 14,000 Runes etched in the first week. While initial hype has normalized, the ecosystem continues to grow con nuovo projects launching regularly. Total Runes volume di trading has exceeded hundreds of millions in BTC terms.
Come creare un'iscrizione
Creare la tua iscrizione Bitcoin è semplice con gli strumenti giusti. Ecco una guida passo dopo passo.
Ottieni un wallet Bitcoin Ordinals
Scarica il wallet Xverse o Unisat. Questi wallet supportano Ordinals e possono mostrare le tue iscrizioni. Crea un nuovo wallet o importa quello esistente.
Ricarica il tuo wallet
Invia BTC al tuo wallet Ordinals. Ti serviranno fondi sufficienti per la commissione dell'iscrizione (varia in base alla dimensione del file e alla congestione della rete).
Scegli il contenuto dell'iscrizione
Seleziona cosa iscrivere: immagine (consigliato fino a ~400KB), testo, HTML o altri tipi di contenuto supportati.
Iscrivi tramite piattaforma
Usa OrdinalsBot, Gamma.io o il servizio di iscrizione di Unisat. Imposta la tua fee rate e conferma la transazione.
Acquista BTC per Ordinals con il 20% di sconto sulle commissioni
Registrati su Binance con il codice TRADEOFF20 e ottieni uno sconto del 20% a vita. Acquista BTC e inizia a creare iscrizioni.
Codice Binance: TRADEOFF20 | OKX: TRADEOFF20 | Bybit: J61ZYG
Wallet e marketplace
L'ecosistema Bitcoin Ordinals ha sviluppato un ricco insieme di wallet e marketplace pensati per iscrizioni e token Runes.
Wallet supportati
Xverse
Most popular Ordinals wallet. Supports inscriptions, BRC-20, Runes, and Stacks.
Unisat
Built-in inscription tool. BRC-20 trading, marketplace, and indexer all-in-one.
Leather (Hiro)
Formerly Hiro Wallet. Supports Ordinals, Stacks, and Bitcoin DeFi.
Marketplace
Magic Eden (Bitcoin)
Leading multi-chain marketplace. Full Ordinals and Runes support.
OKX Ordinals Marketplace
Built into OKX exchange. Trade Ordinals and BRC-20 directly.
OrdinalsBot
Inscription-as-a-service. Easiest way to create inscriptions with no technical knowledge.
Consiglio di Sicurezza
Always use a dedicated Ordinals wallet (Xverse, Unisat) rather than a regular Bitcoin wallet. Ordinals wallets protect your inscribed satoshis from being accidentally spent as transaction fees. Regular wallets don't distinguish between inscribed and regular satoshis.
Impatto su Bitcoin
Ordinals e Runes hanno avuto un impatto profondo sull'ecosistema Bitcoin, suscitando sia entusiasmo sia polemiche.
Bitcoin Fee Impact Timeline
Average fee per transaction (USD) during major Ordinals/Runes events
Peak fee: During the Runes launch on Bitcoin halving day (April 20, 2024), average fees spiked to over $78 per transaction as users raced to etch the first Runes.
Impatto Positivo
- Miner revenue boost: Inscription fees added $200M+ to miner income, strengthening Bitcoin security post-halving
- Fee market evolution: Created a sustainable fee market that will be crucial as block rewards decrease
- New users: Attracted NFT collectors, token traders, and developers to the Bitcoin ecosystem
- Innovation culture: Revived Bitcoin development creativity and brought new energy to the community
Preoccupazioni & Dibattiti
- Block space competition: Inscriptions compete with financial transactions, temporarily driving up fees for regular users
- Blockchain bloat: Large inscriptions permanently increase Bitcoin's blockchain size, especially BRC-20 UTXOs
- Culture war: "Laser eyes" Bitcoin maximalists vs. art/token culture. Debate on what Bitcoin "should" be used for
- Spam filtering debate: Some node operators called for filtering inscription transactions, raising censorship concerns
Prospettive Future
The long-term impact of Ordinals and Runes on Bitcoin remains to be seen. What's clear is that they've created a sustainable fee market, attracted new users, and proven that Bitcoin can evolve beyond "just money." As the ecosystem matures, expect better tooling, more efficient protocols, and deeper integration with Bitcoin's Layer 2 solutions like Lightning Network.
Punti chiave
Ordinals assign unique numbers to satoshis, enabling on-chain inscriptions (Bitcoin NFTs)
Inscriptions store data permanently in Taproot witness fields - 100% on Bitcoin
BRC-20 uses JSON inscriptions per fungible tokens; ORDI was the first ($1B+ market cap)
Runes (launched April 2024 halving) is a più efficient UTXO-based token protocol
Usa Xverse o Unisat wallets; trade on Magic Eden, OKX, o OrdinalsBot
Ordinals generated $200M+ in miner revenue, creating a sustainable Bitcoin fee market