HomeBlogCardano
Beginner Guide

What is Cardano (ADA)?

The science-driven blockchain. Built on peer-reviewed research, Ouroboros Proof-of-Stake, and a methodical roadmap from Byron to Voltaire.

PoS
Consens Ouroboros
3,000+
Pool-uri de Stake
140+
Lucrări de Cercetare
~4.5%
APY Staking
18 min read
Actualizat ianuarie 2026

Ce este Cardano?

Cardano is a third-generation blockchain platform that takes a research-first approach to cryptocurrency development. Founded by Charles Hoskinson (Ethereum co-founder) in 2015, Cardano distinguishes itself through peer-reviewed academic research and formal verification methods.

Unlike blockchains that 'move fast and break things,' Cardano prioritizes security and sustainability through rigorous scientific processes. This methodical approach has attracted institutions, governments, and enterprises seeking reliable blockchain infrastructure.

Key Point

Cardano is unique in that it's the first blockchain platform built on peer-reviewed research and developed through evidence-based methods. Every feature is backed by formal academic papers.

Academic Rigor

Built on peer-reviewed research from top universities worldwide

Layered Architecture

Separate settlement and computation layers for flexibility

Global Mission

Focused on providing financial services to the unbanked

The Science Behind Cardano

Cardano's development is backed by IOHK (Input Output Hong Kong), which employs dozens of researchers and partners with universities worldwide including Edinburgh, Tokyo, and Wyoming.

Understanding Epochs

Epoch 0Slot 0/20
Slot Visualization (3 Epochs)
Epoch 0Epoch 1Epoch 2
Total Slots
0/60
Current Epoch
0
Slot Duration
1 sec

Real Values: Each epoch lasts ~5 days (432,000 slots). Each slot is 1 second. Staking rewards are distributed at epoch boundaries.

Time in Cardano is divided into epochs (approximately 5 days) and slots (1 second each). For each slot, a slot leader is selected through a verifiable random function (VRF) to produce the next block. The probability of selection is proportional to the stake controlled.

Ouroboros Proof-of-Stake

1
VRF Lottery
2
Leader Selected
3
Block Created
4
Chain Extended
Pool A
25% stake
Pool B
35% stake
Pool C
20% stake
Pool D
15% stake
Pool E
5% stake
Blockchain
Genesis

Ready to simulate Ouroboros consensus

Ouroboros Versions

1
ClassicOriginal version with honest majority assumption
2
PraosAdded privacy and semi-synchronous network assumptions
3
GenesisEnables secure joining from genesis block
4
LeiosFuture version for massive throughput scaling

Ouroboros Explained

Ouroboros is Cardano's revolutionary Proof-of-Stake consensus protocol. It's the first PoS protocol with mathematically proven security guarantees, published and peer-reviewed at crypto conferences.

Research-First Development

  • 140+ peer-reviewed papers published
  • Collaborations with top universities
  • Formal verification of code

Development Partners

  • IOHK - Engineering & research
  • Emurgo - Commercial adoption
  • Cardano Foundation - Standards & governance

Formal Methods

"Cardano uses Haskell, a functional programming language known for its mathematical precision. This allows formal verification - mathematically proving that code behaves as intended."

ADA Token Utility

ADA is the native cryptocurrency of the Cardano network, named after Ada Lovelace, the 19th-century mathematician considered the first computer programmer.

The Five Eras of Cardano

Goguen

2021-2023

In Progress

Smart contracts era - Enabled DeFi, NFTs, and dApps

Plutus smart contracts
Native tokens & NFTs
DApp ecosystem growth

Staking on Cardano

Cardano staking is unique because it requires no lockup period. Your ADA remains liquid and in your wallet while delegated to a stake pool.

ADA Token Distribution

45B
Max Supply
Public ICO
25.9B ADA57.6%
IOHK
5.2B ADA11.5%
Emurgo
5.2B ADA11.5%
Cardano Foundation
2.9B ADA6.4%
Staking Rewards Reserve
5.9B ADA13%

Note: Unlike Bitcoin, ADA has a maximum supply of 45 billion tokens. The remaining ~10B ADA will be distributed as staking rewards over time.

Supply Metrics

Max Supply45,000,000,000 ADA
Circulating~35,000,000,000 ADA
Staked~70%

ADA Units

1 ADA1,000,000 Lovelace
1 Lovelace0.000001 ADA

Named after Ada Lovelace, the smallest unit of ADA

Cardano vs Competitors

Feature
Cardano
E
Ethereum
S
Solana
ConsensusOuroboros PoSPoS (Casper)PoH + PoS
TPS (Layer 1)~250~30~65,000
Block Time20 sec12 sec0.4 sec
Transaction Fee~$0.20~$1-50~$0.00025
Smart ContractsPlutus (Haskell)SolidityRust
Staking MinNo minimum32 ETHNo minimum
Launch Year201720152020
Max Supply45B ADAUnlimited*Unlimited*
* Ethereum and Solana have inflationary supply models but include token burning mechanisms.

Cardano Roadmap

Cardano's development is divided into five eras, each named after notable figures in computer science and mathematics. This structured approach ensures sustainable, well-tested upgrades.

ADA Staking Rewards Calculator

100100,000
2%7%
1 month5 years
Per Epoch (~5 days)
6.16 ADA
Monthly Rewards
37.50 ADA
Epochs in Period
73
Total Rewards
450.00 ADA
Final ADA Value
10,450 ADA
+4.50% growth
* Estimates based on current network parameters. Actual rewards may vary.

Staking Benefits

  • No minimum amount required
  • No lockup period - spend anytime
  • Automatic compounding rewards
  • No slashing risk

Choosing a Stake Pool

  • Check pool saturation (<100%)
  • Review pool margin fees (0-5%)
  • Look at historical performance
  • Consider pool pledge amount

Ecosistem & DeFi

De când era Goguen a adus contractele inteligente, ecosistemul Cardano a crescut pentru a include DEX-uri, protocoale de împrumut, piețe NFT și multe altele.

Platforma Plutus

  • Bazat pe Haskell - siguranță puternică a tipurilor
  • Model eUTXO - comisioane previzibile
  • Suport pentru verificare formală
  • Token-uri native fără contracte inteligente

Ecosistem DApp

  • DEXs: SundaeSwap, Minswap, MuesliSwap
  • NFT Marketplaces: JPG Store, CNFT.io
  • Împrumuturi: Liqwid Finance, Lenfi
  • Stablecoin-uri: Djed, iUSD

Model UTXO Extins

Spre deosebire de modelul bazat pe conturi al Ethereum, Cardano folosește un model UTXO Extins (eUTXO). Acesta oferă comisioane de tranzacție deterministice, capacitate de procesare paralelă și securitate îmbunătățită pentru contractele inteligente.

Cum să Cumpărați ADA

Avantaje

  • Dezvoltare recenzată de experți, riguroasă științific
  • Consens proof-of-stake eficient energetic
  • Fără minim de staking, fără blocare, fără penalizări
  • Comisioane de tranzacție previzibile (eUTXO)
  • Token-uri native fără comisioane de contract inteligent
  • Foaie de parcurs puternică de guvernanță (Voltaire)

Dezavantaje

  • Ritm de dezvoltare mai lent decât concurența
  • Ecosistem DeFi mai mic decât Ethereum
  • Curbă de învățare Haskell/Plutus pentru dezvoltatori
  • TPS Layer 1 mai mic decât unii concurenți
  • Complexitatea modelului eUTXO pentru unele cazuri de utilizare
  • Adopție instituțională mai mică decât Ethereum

Avantaje și Dezavantaje

ADA este una dintre criptomonedele cele mai disponibile, listată pe practic toate schimburile majore. Iată cum să începeți:

1

Alegeți un Exchange

Selectați un schimb de renume precum Binance, Coinbase sau Kraken care listează ADA

2

Creați și Verificați Contul

Înregistrați-vă și completați verificarea KYC cu ID-ul dvs.

3

Depuneți Fonduri

Adăugați fonduri prin transfer bancar, card de credit sau depozit cripto

4

Cumpărați ADA

Căutați ADA/USDT sau ADA/USD și plasați ordinul de cumpărare

5

Staking sau Stocare

Transferați în portofelul Daedalus/Yoroi și delegați unui pool de stake pentru recompense

Portofele Recomandate

Daedalus

Portofel cu nod complet - cel mai sigur, sincronizează întregul blockchain

Yoroi

Portofel ușor - extensie de browser, aplicație mobilă

Key Takeaways

Cardano takes a research-first approach with 100+ peer-reviewed papers backing its development
Ouroboros is the first provably secure Proof-of-Stake consensus protocol
Staking is liquid with no lockup - earn ~4-5% APY while keeping your ADA accessible
The five-era roadmap (Byron to Voltaire) ensures methodical, sustainable development
Full decentralized governance through Project Catalyst and on-chain voting
45B ofertă maximă cu ~4-5% recompense de staking

Buy ADA with 20% Off Trading Fees

Get 20% OFF trading fees on Binance with our exclusive referral code.

Get 20% OFF on Binance

Use code

Articole similare