目录
什么是Aptos？
Aptos是由Mo Shaikh和Avery Ching创立的Layer 1区块链，两位都是前Meta工程师，曾领导Diem（Libra）区块链项目。于2022年10月推出，Aptos专注于使用Move编程语言和Block-STM并行执行引擎实现安全性、可扩展性和可升级性。
核心创新
Aptos的突破在于Block-STM（软件事务内存）——一种乐观并行执行引擎，同时处理交易，仅在冲突时重新执行。在最优条件下可实现160,000+ TPS。
Aptos从头开始设计，旨在解决困扰其他区块链的可靠性问题。其模块化架构允许单个组件在不中断整个网络的情况下进行升级。
Block-STM引擎
具有冲突检测的乐观并行执行，实现最大吞吐量。
Move语言
面向资源的编程，具有形式验证功能，确保智能合约安全。
AptosBFT
第4代DiemBFT共识，具有亚秒级最终性。
Move编程语言
Aptos使用Move编程语言，与Sui共享此技术。两个项目都源于Meta的Diem项目，但Aptos使用原始的基于账户的Move模型。
基于账户的模型
Aptos使用基于账户的状态模型的Move（类似以太坊），而Sui修改了Move以实现对象中心状态。Aptos Move更接近原始的Diem规范。
资源类型
数字资产表示为不能被复制或丢弃的资源。这在语言层面防止了双重支付和资产损失。
模块可升级性
Aptos支持链上模块升级，允许开发者在通过兼容性检查维护安全保证的同时更新智能合约。
安全保障
Type safety, resource safety, and access control are enforced by the Move bytecode verifier. No re-entrancy attacks, no integer overflows - they're prevented at the language level.
与 Sui 共享
Aptos 和 Sui 都使用 Move，但执行模型不同。Aptos 使用基于账户的 Move，而 Sui 使用基于对象的 Move。开发者可以轻松在两个生态系统之间转换。
开发者体验
Aptos提供全面的SDK，包含TypeScript、Python和Rust客户端。Move Prover支持形式验证，在部署前数学证明智能合约的正确性。
Block-STM并行执行
Block-STM是Aptos实现高吞吐量的秘密武器。它使用乐观并发控制——首先并行执行所有交易，然后检测并重新执行任何冲突。
Block-STM Parallel Execution
Simulated TPS: 120,000
Block-STM executes transactions optimistically in parallel. When conflicts are detected, only the conflicting transactions are re-executed - not the entire block. This is Software Transactional Memory applied to blockchain.
乐观执行
All 交易 in a block are executed in parallel optimistically, assuming no conflicts. The system tracks read/write sets during execution.
冲突检测
After execution, the system validates each 交易. If a conflict is detected (two 交易 modified the same state), only the conflicting 交易 is re-executed.
选择性重新执行
Only conflicting transactions are re-executed, not the entire block. In practice, most transactions don't conflict, so the vast majority complete in the first parallel pass.
软件事务内存
Block-STM applies decades of STM research from database systems to blockchain. It's the same concept that makes modern multi-core CPUs fast - applied to transaction processing.
为什么 Block-STM 更优越
Unlike Solana's Sealevel which requires transactions to declare their state access upfront, Block-STM requires no pre-declaration. Transactions are executed optimistically and conflicts are resolved automatically. This makes development easier and the system more flexible while achieving comparable or higher throughput.
AptosBFT共识
AptosBFT是DiemBFT共识协议的第4代。它通过流水线区块处理和乐观响应实现亚秒级最终性，协议按网络速度推进而非等待超时。
亚秒级最终性
交易 reach finality in approximately 0.9 seconds. Once finalized, 交易 are irreversible - no need to wait for multiple block confirmations.
Pipelined 共识
区块提议、执行和认证通过流水线并行进行。当一个区块正在被认证时，下一个已经在被提议和执行了。
验证节点 Rotation
Leaders rotate among validators based on reputation and stake. This ensures no single 验证节点 can bottleneck the network and promotes decentralization.
State Sync 协议
New validators can quickly sync the 区块链 state without downloading the entire history. This lowers the barrier to running a 验证节点 node and improves network resilience.
从 DiemBFT 的演进
AptosBFT represents the 4th generation of 共识 research that started with LibraBFT at Facebook in 2019. Each generation improved upon the last: DiemBFT v1 added pipelining, v2 improved leader reputation, v3 added 协议 changes, and AptosBFT (v4) optimizes for production with 验证节点 rotation and enhanced state sync.
Aptos生态系统
Aptos生态系统自推出以来稳步增长，DeFi协议的TVL超过5亿美元，NFT和社交媒体领域也在增长。
Liquidswap
DEX
Leading AMM on Aptos
Thala
DeFi Hub
Stablecoin & DEX
Aries Markets
Lending
Lending & borrowing
Amnis Finance
Liquid Staking
amAPT liquid staking
Cellana Finance
DEX
ve(3,3) DEX
Econia
Order Book
On-chain order book
DeFi协议
- Liquidswap - First AMM DEX on Aptos
- Thala - Stablecoin (MOD) & DEX hub
- Aries Markets - Leading lending protocol
- Amnis Finance - Liquid staking with amAPT
NFT和社交
- Topaz - Largest NFT marketplace on Aptos
- Wapal - Community-driven NFT platform
- Chingari - 35M+ user short-video platform
- Aptos Names - .apt domain name service
APT代币经济学
APT以10亿代币的初始供应量推出。该代币用于交易费用、质押和治理。质押奖励产生约7% APY的通胀，随时间递减。
交易 Fees
APT is used to pay for Gas 费用 on the network. Fees are extremely low, averaging around $0.001 per 交易, making it accessible for all 用户.
质押 & 安全
Stake APT to validators to earn approximately 7% APY while securing the network. 质押 requires a 30-day lockup period with a minimum of 11 APT.
治理
APT holders can participate in on-chain 治理 to vote on 协议 upgrades, parameter changes, and 生态系统 fund allocations.
存储与状态
APT is required for on-chain storage. Accounts need a minimum balance to exist, and storing data on-chain requires APT 充值.
APT Token Distribution
质押APT
APT持有者可以将代币委托给验证者以赚取质押奖励，同时保护网络安全。当前APY约为7%。
Validator Network (150+ Validators)
APT Staking Calculator
≈ $800 USD
($56.00)
$856
* Aptos staking has a 30-day lockup period. Minimum delegation is 11 APT. Rewards distributed every epoch.
验证者委托
通过支持的钱包将APT委托给验证者。最低质押11 APT。奖励每个周期分配。
流动性质押（Amnis, Tortuga）
获取代表您质押APT的amAPT或tAPT代币。在赚取质押奖励的同时在DeFi中使用。30天解除质押期。
如何购买APT
APT可在所有主要加密货币交易所购买。以下是入门方法。
选择交易所
Binance、OKX、Bybit都支持APT。在Binance上使用代码TRADEOFF20享受手续费8折！
完成验证
注册并完成KYC验证。大多数交易所在几分钟内完成验证。
充值并购买
充值法币或加密货币，然后购买APT。使用限价单获得更好的价格。
转移到钱包
提款到Aptos钱包（Petra、Martian、Pontem）用于质押、DeFi或NFT。
Aptos vs Sui vs Solana
Aptos与其他高性能L1区块链相比如何？以下是详细比较。
| Metric | A Aptos | S Sui | S Solana |
|---|---|---|---|
TPS (Theoretical) | 160,000+ | 120,000+ | 65,000+ |
Finality | ~0.9s | ~0.5s | ~400ms |
Smart Contract Language | Move | Move (Sui) | Rust/C |
Avg Fee | ~$0.001 | ~$0.003 | $0.00025 |
Consensus | AptosBFT | Mysticeti | PoH + Tower BFT |
Parallel Execution | Block-STM | Object-based | Sealevel |
Origin | Ex-Meta (Diem) | Ex-Meta (Diem) | Solana Labs |
Launch Date | Oct 2022 | May 2023 | Mar 2020 |
Aptos Strengths
- Block-STM parallel execution
- Move language safety
- Battle-tested consensus (DiemBFT heritage)
Sui Strengths
- Object-centric model
- Faster single-owner TX
- Innovative storage model (Sui Move)
Solana Strengths
- Largest ecosystem & TVL
- Most mature developer tools
- Lowest fees ($0.00025)
未来展望
Aptos继续以专注于用户体验和企业采用的主要功能进行发展。
无钥匙账户
Sign in to Web3 with your Google, Apple, or social media accounts. No seed phrases needed. Uses zero-knowledge proofs to link Web2 identity to 区块链 accounts securely.
随机数 API
Native on-chain randomness for gaming, lotteries, and fair selection. No need for external oracles - randomness is generated securely at the 共识 level.
数字资产标准
Aptos Digital Asset Standard (DA) provides composable, extensible NFT and 代币 standards. Enables soul-bound 代币, dynamic NFTs, and complex on-chain asset logic.
生态系统 Growth
Partnerships with Microsoft, Google Cloud, and major institutions. Aptos Foundation grants program funding hundreds of projects. Growing Move 开发者 community across Aptos and Sui.
核心要点
Aptos 由拥有 Diem/Libra 背景的前 Meta 工程师构建
Move language provides unmatched 智能合约 safety
Block-STM 通过并行执行实现 160,000+ TPS
Sub-second finality with AptosBFT 共识
质押 APT 获得约 7% APY，锁定 30 天
无钥匙账户和随机数 API 是颠覆性创新